Due to rising share of the female workforce and dual income family, meeting the demands for work-family balance became an important issue for corporate organizations. The dual agenda research posits that equity and family responsiveness are not adversarial to organizational functioning, but can increase organizational effectiveness and create positive synergies. Based on the dual agenda perspective, we explored the effects of work process characteristics and proportion of women on departmental effectiveness and work-family balance of the employees. In order to understand the nature of work process characteristics, we conducted a participant observation at one department in a local government organization. We also administered a questionnaire to 256 employees in 37 departments of the organization, of which data was analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. The results showed that negative work process characteristics increased work-family conflicts and decreased the perception of the departmental work outcome. The proportion of women employees decreased work-family conflicts and increased the perception of the departmental work outcome. The proportion of women employees decreased the department satisfaction of women but did not influence that of men. The results indicated asymmetric reactions to work group gender diversity among men and women. This study offers valuable insights about the issue of workforce diversity, which will ultimately improve the quality of lives and work of both women and men.